![]() ![]() Above the incident or field level at the agency or coordination level, the mechanisms to coordinate and handle competing resource demands and to establish consistent resource priorities was inadequate.īased on the devastating fire season of 1970 and these findings, Congress allocated $900,000 to the U.S.At the incident or field level, there was confusion derived from different terminology, organizational structure, and operating procedures between the various response agencies.Forest Service, with their partner response agencies in Southern California, examined the incident management efforts. These fires, over 13 days, resulted in 16 deaths, 700+ destroyed structures, more than 500,000 acres burned, and over $234 million in damage.Īs part of the after-action review, the U.S. The number of fires burning at the same time taxed the organizational capability to protect lives, property, and the environment, especially where wilderness bordered urban communities, creating a dangerous wildland-urban interface. Response resource availabilities reached critically low levels. Individual Command Posts and fire camps were established by multiple agencies for the same incident. #HISTORY OF THE INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM FULL#At the time, the sky was full of giant smoke columns and fire apparatus were passing each other on their way to incidents, with some going north as others headed south. The impetus for the development of these systems was the disastrous and devastating 1970 fire season in Southern California. FIRESCOPE stood for Firefighting Resources of Southern California Organized for Potential Emergencies and they set out to develop two interrelated, yet independent, systems for managing wildland fire. ![]() ICS was developed in the 1970s by an interagency group in Southern California called FIRESCOPE. The complete article is available here: įIRST THERE WAS FIRE: THE 1970 FIRE SEASON AND THE BEGINNING OF FIRESCOPE Published in 2011 in the Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, “Engineering the Incident Command and Multiagency Coordination Systems” is one of the most thoroughly researched histories of ICS and the Multiagency Coordination System (MACS), providing deep insight into the design process and intent of both systems. Kimberly Stambler from George Washington University. One of the scholarly sources that inspired this piece is the article “Engineering the Incident Command and Multiagency Coordination Systems” by Dr. We recommend that if you are conducting academic research you consult primary sources or contact us for clarification. This write-up is for informational purposes only and does not follow standard scholarly or academic research and citation procedures. This paper attempts to provide a compressive history of ICS to explain how and why the system was developed, how it has been applied, and how it has evolved since its original development in the 1970s to a true, all-hazards incident management system. Many people misleadingly point to NIMS as the beginning of ICS application to all-risk, all-hazard incident management, but they may not be aware of ICS’s complete origins. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5) and the subsequent release of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) have recently made the Incident Command System (ICS) a household concept among emergency management and incident response personnel in the United States. ![]() This page is intended to serve as an unofficial, working history of the Incident Command System (ICS). ![]()
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